Most 4:3 (1.3 3:1) and 2.40:1 video is now recorded using a " shoot and protect" technique that keeps the main action within a 16:9 (1.7 7:1) inner rectangle to facilitate 16:9 conversion and viewing. While 16:9 (1.7 7:1) was initially selected as a compromise format, the subsequent popularity of HD broadcast has solidified 16:9 as perhaps the most common video aspect ratio in use. Applying the same geometric mean technique to 16:9 and 4:3 yields an aspect ratio of around 1.5396:1, sometimes approximated as 14:9 (1.5 5:1), which is likewise used as a compromise between these ratios. The value found by Powers is exactly the geometric mean of the extreme aspect ratios, 4:3 and 2.35:1, 47 15 ≈ 1.77 which is coincidentally close to 16:9. When overlapped with their center points aligned, he found that all of those aspect ratio rectangles fit within an outer rectangle with an aspect ratio of 1.7 7:1 and all of them also covered a smaller common inner rectangle with the same aspect ratio 1.78:1. Powers cut out rectangles with equal areas, shaped to match each of the popular aspect ratios. The popular choices in 1980 were 4:3 (based on TV standard's ratio at the time), 15:9 (5:3) (the European "flat" 1.6 6:1 ratio), 1.85:1 (the American "flat" ratio) and 2.35:1 (the CinemaScope/ Panavision) ratio for anamorphic widescreen. Powers, a member of the SMPTE Working Group on High-Definition Electronic Production, first proposed the 16:9 (1.7 7:1) aspect ratio in 1984. The calculation considers the extreme rectangles, where m and n are multipliers to maintain their respective aspect ratios and areas.ĭr. History ĭerivation of the 16:9 aspect ratioThe main figure shows 4:3, 2.00:1, and 2.40:1 rectangles with the same area A, and 16:9 rectangles that covers (black) or is common to (grey) them. It is also the native aspect ratio of Ultra HD Blu-ray discs, but Ultra HD Blu-ray producers can also choose to show even wider ratios such as 2.00:1 and 2.40:1 within the 16:9 Ultra HD Blu-ray frame by hard matting or adding black bars within the image itself. Many digital video cameras have the capability to record in 16:9, and 16:9 is the only widescreen aspect ratio natively supported by the Ultra HD Blu-ray standard. Japan's Hi-Vision originally started with a 5:3 (1.6 6:1) ratio but converted when the international standards group introduced a wider ratio of 16:9. Once seen as exotic, since 2009, it has become the most common aspect ratio for televisions and computer monitors, and is also the international standard image format for UHD, HDTV, Full HD, and SD digital television today.ġ6:9 (1.7 7:1) (spoken as "sixteen by nine," "sixteen to nine," or simply "sixteen-nine") is the international standard format of Ultra HD, non-HD digital widescreen television and analog widescreen television systems PALplus and Wide-aspect Clear-vision. 77:1) is a widescreen aspect ratio with a width of 16 units and height of 9 units. A television set with the 16:9 image ratio.ġ6:9 (1.
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